Node.js day2:Koa路由基本使用

19_Node.js/Koa快速入门.md

@@ -39,10 +39,59 @@ app.listen(PORT, HOST, () => {
 ### 3.2 context对象
 
 > Koa Context 将 node 的 `request` 和 `response` 对象封装到单个对象中，为编写 Web 应用程序和 API 提供了许多有用的方法。
+>
+> **注意：Koa实例app的context属性 是 Context对象的原型。**
 
 - `ctx.query` 获取请求URL地址上的查询参数，返回一个Object对象。
 - `ctx.body=` 设置响应正文，同时会结束请求/响应周期
 - `ctx.status=` 设置HTTP状态码，比如: `ctx.status = 200;`
 - `ctx.message=` 设置HTTP状态信息
 - `ctx.length=` 设置 Content-Length 响应头
-- `ctx.type=` 设置 Content-Type 响应头
+- `ctx.type=` 设置 Content-Type 响应头
+
+### 3.3 路由功能
+
+> Koa非常轻量，并没有内置路由的功能。这样就需要我们自己下载路由功能的中间件--`@koa/router`
+
+```shel
+npm install @koa/router
+```
+
+- 引入Router类
+- 通过`new Router()`创建router实例
+- 之后即可以通过 router 实例 去定义各种路由端点
+- 最后 通过 `app.use(router.routes())`将路由功能注入到应用程序中
+- 如果 存在跨域的话，会发生options请求。此时 需要对options请求响应服务端允许哪些请求方法，需要添加这样的代码:`app.use(router.allowedMethods())`
+
+**router实例的方法**
+
+> url：对应 客户端的请求地址
+>
+> middlewares：对应 对此次请求处理的中间价（可以多个）
+>
+> *注意：所有的定义路由的方法 都会返回router实例。在实际开发时，可以选择router实例的连调方式去定义多个路由。*
+
+- `router.get(url, middlewares)`定义一个get请求方法的路由
+- `router.post(url, middlewares)`定义一个post请求方法的路由
+- `router.put(url, middlewares)`定义一个put请求方法的路由
+- `router.delete(url, middlewares)`定义一个delete请求方法的路由
+
+```js
+import Router from '@koa/router';
+const router = new Router();
+// 定义一个 get的请求方法 路由
+// 第一个参数: 路由的路径
+// 第二个参数：路由处理的中间件
+router
+  .get('/', (ctx) => {
+    ctx.body = '主页';
+  })
+  .get('/about', (ctx) => {
+    ctx.body = '关于-get';
+  })
+  .post('/about', (ctx) => {
+    ctx.body = '关于-post';
+  });
+export default router;
+```
+

19_Node.js/day-3/code/koa-project/app.config.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+export const PORT = 4000;
+export const HOST = '0.0.0.0';

19_Node.js/day-3/code/koa-project/index.js

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+import Koa from 'koa';
+import { PORT, HOST } from './app.config.mjs';
+import router from './router/index.mjs';
+
+const app = new Koa();
+
+// 中间件的执行顺序
+// 通过app.use方法 去 使用中间件。多次调用 就可以 注册多个中间件
+// app.use((ctx, next) => {
+//   console.log('a');
+//   next();
+// });
+// app.use((ctx, next) => {
+//   next();
+//   console.log('b');
+// });
+// app.use((ctx, next) => {
+//   console.log('c');
+//   next();
+// });
+
+// app.use((ctx, next) => {
+//   console.log('a start');
+//   next();
+//   console.log('a end');
+// });
+// app.use((ctx, next) => {
+//   console.log('b start');
+//   next();
+//   console.log('b end');
+// });
+// app.use((ctx, next) => {
+//   console.log('c start');
+//   next();
+//   console.log('c end');
+// });
+// a start, b start, c start, c end, b end, a end
+
+// app.use(async (ctx, next) => {
+//   console.log('a start');
+//   await next();
+//   console.log('a end');
+// });
+// app.use(async (ctx, next) => {
+//   console.log('b start');
+//   await next();
+//   console.log('b end');
+// });
+// app.use(async (ctx, next) => {
+//   console.log('c start');
+//   await next();
+//   console.log('c end');
+// });
+
+// app.use((ctx) => {
+//   ctx.body = 'hello, world.';
+// });
+
+//! 总结：中间件的执行顺序 遵循 洋葱模型
+
+// 注入路由功能
+app.use(router.routes());
+// 在options请求中响应服务端支持哪些跨域的请求方法
+app.use(router.allowedMethods());
+
+app.listen(PORT, HOST, () => {
+  console.info(`Server is running at 'http://${HOST}:${PORT}'`);
+});

19_Node.js/day-3/code/koa-project/package-lock.json

@@ -0,0 +1,457 @@
+{
+  "name": "koa-project",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "lockfileVersion": 3,
+  "requires": true,
+  "packages": {
+    "": {
+      "name": "koa-project",
+      "version": "1.0.0",
+      "license": "ISC",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@koa/router": "^12.0.0",
+        "koa": "^2.14.2"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@koa/router": {
+      "version": "12.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/@koa/router/-/router-12.0.0.tgz",
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+      "dependencies": {
+        "http-errors": "^2.0.0",
+        "koa-compose": "^4.1.0",
+        "methods": "^1.1.2",
+        "path-to-regexp": "^6.2.1"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 12"
+      }
+    },
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+        "toidentifier": "1.0.1"
+      },
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+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/methods": {
+      "version": "1.1.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/methods/-/methods-1.1.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-iclAHeNqNm68zFtnZ0e+1L2yUIdvzNoauKU4WBA3VvH/vPFieF7qfRlwUZU+DA9P9bPXIS90ulxoUoCH23sV2w==",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 0.6"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/mime-db": {
+      "version": "1.52.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/mime-db/-/mime-db-1.52.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-sPU4uV7dYlvtWJxwwxHD0PuihVNiE7TyAbQ5SWxDCB9mUYvOgroQOwYQQOKPJ8CIbE+1ETVlOoK1UC2nU3gYvg==",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 0.6"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/mime-types": {
+      "version": "2.1.35",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/mime-types/-/mime-types-2.1.35.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-ZDY+bPm5zTTF+YpCrAU9nK0UgICYPT0QtT1NZWFv4s++TNkcgVaT0g6+4R2uI4MjQjzysHB1zxuWL50hzaeXiw==",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "mime-db": "1.52.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 0.6"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/ms": {
+      "version": "2.1.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/ms/-/ms-2.1.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-sGkPx+VjMtmA6MX27oA4FBFELFCZZ4S4XqeGOXCv68tT+jb3vk/RyaKWP0PTKyWtmLSM0b+adUTEvbs1PEaH2w=="
+    },
+    "node_modules/negotiator": {
+      "version": "0.6.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/negotiator/-/negotiator-0.6.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-+EUsqGPLsM+j/zdChZjsnX51g4XrHFOIXwfnCVPGlQk/k5giakcKsuxCObBRu6DSm9opw/O6slWbJdghQM4bBg==",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 0.6"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/on-finished": {
+      "version": "2.4.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/on-finished/-/on-finished-2.4.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-oVlzkg3ENAhCk2zdv7IJwd/QUD4z2RxRwpkcGY8psCVcCYZNq4wYnVWALHM+brtuJjePWiYF/ClmuDr8Ch5+kg==",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "ee-first": "1.1.1"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 0.8"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/only": {
+      "version": "0.0.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/only/-/only-0.0.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Fvw+Jemq5fjjyWz6CpKx6w9s7xxqo3+JCyM0WXWeCSOboZ8ABkyvP8ID4CZuChA/wxSx+XSJmdOm8rGVyJ1hdQ=="
+    },
+    "node_modules/parseurl": {
+      "version": "1.3.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/parseurl/-/parseurl-1.3.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-CiyeOxFT/JZyN5m0z9PfXw4SCBJ6Sygz1Dpl0wqjlhDEGGBP1GnsUVEL0p63hoG1fcj3fHynXi9NYO4nWOL+qQ==",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 0.8"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/path-to-regexp": {
+      "version": "6.2.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/path-to-regexp/-/path-to-regexp-6.2.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-JLyh7xT1kizaEvcaXOQwOc2/Yhw6KZOvPf1S8401UyLk86CU79LN3vl7ztXGm/pZ+YjoyAJ4rxmHwbkBXJX+yw=="
+    },
+    "node_modules/safe-buffer": {
+      "version": "5.2.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/safe-buffer/-/safe-buffer-5.2.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-rp3So07KcdmmKbGvgaNxQSJr7bGVSVk5S9Eq1F+ppbRo70+YeaDxkw5Dd8NPN+GD6bjnYm2VuPuCXmpuYvmCXQ=="
+    },
+    "node_modules/setprototypeof": {
+      "version": "1.2.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/setprototypeof/-/setprototypeof-1.2.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-E5LDX7Wrp85Kil5bhZv46j8jOeboKq5JMmYM3gVGdGH8xFpPWXUMsNrlODCrkoxMEeNi/XZIwuRvY4XNwYMJpw=="
+    },
+    "node_modules/statuses": {
+      "version": "1.5.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/statuses/-/statuses-1.5.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-OpZ3zP+jT1PI7I8nemJX4AKmAX070ZkYPVWV/AaKTJl+tXCTGyVdC1a4SL8RUQYEwk/f34ZX8UTykN68FwrqAA==",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 0.6"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/toidentifier": {
+      "version": "1.0.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/toidentifier/-/toidentifier-1.0.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-o5sSPKEkg/DIQNmH43V0/uerLrpzVedkUh8tGNvaeXpfpuwjKenlSox/2O/BTlZUtEe+JG7s5YhEz608PlAHRA==",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=0.6"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/tsscmp": {
+      "version": "1.0.6",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/tsscmp/-/tsscmp-1.0.6.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-LxhtAkPDTkVCMQjt2h6eBVY28KCjikZqZfMcC15YBeNjkgUpdCfBu5HoiOTDu86v6smE8yOjyEktJ8hlbANHQA==",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=0.6.x"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/type-is": {
+      "version": "1.6.18",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/type-is/-/type-is-1.6.18.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-TkRKr9sUTxEH8MdfuCSP7VizJyzRNMjj2J2do2Jr3Kym598JVdEksuzPQCnlFPW4ky9Q+iA+ma9BGm06XQBy8g==",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "media-typer": "0.3.0",
+        "mime-types": "~2.1.24"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 0.6"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/vary": {
+      "version": "1.1.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/vary/-/vary-1.1.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-BNGbWLfd0eUPabhkXUVm0j8uuvREyTh5ovRa/dyow/BqAbZJyC+5fU+IzQOzmAKzYqYRAISoRhdQr3eIZ/PXqg==",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 0.8"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/ylru": {
+      "version": "1.3.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/ylru/-/ylru-1.3.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-RXRJzMiK6U2ye0BlGGZnmpwJDPgakn6aNQ0A7gHRbD4I0uvK4TW6UqkK1V0pp9jskjJBAXd3dRrbzWkqJ+6cxA==",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 4.0.0"
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}

19_Node.js/day-3/code/koa-project/package.json

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+  "name": "koa-project",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "description": "",
+  "type": "module",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1",
+    "dev": "nodemon index.js"
+  },
+  "keywords": [],
+  "author": "",
+  "license": "ISC",
+  "dependencies": {
+    "@koa/router": "^12.0.0",
+    "koa": "^2.14.2"
+  }
+}

19_Node.js/day-3/code/koa-project/pages/about.html

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
+    <title>Document</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <h3>关于</h3>
+  </body>
+</html>

19_Node.js/day-3/code/koa-project/pages/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
+    <title>Document</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <div class="home">
+      <h3>主页</h3>
+    </div>
+  </body>
+</html>

19_Node.js/day-3/code/koa-project/router/index.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import Router from '@koa/router';
+
+const router = new Router();
+
+// 定义一个 get的请求方法 路由
+// 第一个参数: 路由的路径
+// 第二个参数：路由处理的中间件
+router
+  .get('/', (ctx) => {
+    ctx.body = '主页';
+  })
+  .get('/about', (ctx) => {
+    ctx.body = '关于-get';
+  })
+  .post('/about', (ctx) => {
+    ctx.body = '关于-post';
+  });
+
+export default router;